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Atomic-Scale Imaging of Magnetization​

  • Accelerated electron beams interacting with a thin sample acquire phase shifts:
    • Electrostatic scattering contribution is often orders of magnitude larger than magnetic contribution
ϕ(r⊥)=ϕe(r⊥)+ϕm(r⊥)=eℏv∫LV(r⊥,z)dz−eℏ∫LA(r⊥,z)⋅dr\begin{aligned} \phi\left(\boldsymbol{r}_{\perp}\right) &= \phi_e\left(\boldsymbol{r}_{\perp}\right) + \phi_m \left(\boldsymbol{r}_{\perp}\right) \\ &= \frac{e}{\hbar v} \int_L V(\boldsymbol{r}_{\perp},z) dz - \frac{e}{\hbar} \int_L \boldsymbol{A}(\boldsymbol{r}_{\perp},z) \cdot d \boldsymbol{r} \end{aligned}
Electrostatic vs Magnetic Scattering Contributions Comparison